Willow Bark (Salix Alba L.)

The bark of Salix albas has been used for centuries in various cultures as a remedy for colds, fever, and joint pain. Salicylic acid, the active drug, was first isolated and later named Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), a synthetic drug.  Salicin, a component of willow bark, is known to have effects on inflammation, fever, and pain. Salicin is converted to salicylic acid in the body. The drug may function similarly to aspirin, which is structurally related to salicylic acid, by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase enzymes that contribute to inflammation and pain. However, the quantity of salicylic acid generated from salicin is minimal, and the drug's efficacy may be attributed to its other constituents.

In recent years, studies conducted on animals and in vitro have shown that the anti-inflammatory activity of willow bark extract is linked to the down-regulation of inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-kappa B. Willow bark extracts are usually standardised, but other components such as salicin, other salicylates, polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts may also have significant therapeutic effects. Side effects are generally minimal when compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin. However, individuals who are sensitive to salicylates may experience allergic reactions.

Prolonged use may lead to gastrointestinal irritation, constipation, iron deficiency anaemia, and malnutrition. Therefore, it is not recommended for individuals with bleeding problems. Due to insufficient data, this product is not recommended for use in individuals under 18 years of age, pregnant or breastfeeding women. It should only be used under the supervision of a physician or pharmacist trained in the treatment of herbal products.  It is not recommended to take this product for back or joint pain for more than 4 weeks. If symptoms worsen or persist for more than 3 days, or more than 1 day for headache while taking medication for fever, consult a doctor or qualified healthcare professional.

The patient is experiencing back pain. Taking willow bark orally seems to alleviate lower back pain. Higher doses are more effective than lower doses and may take up to a week to take effect.

Willow bark has mainly been used by adults in doses of 120-240 mg salicin orally daily for up to 6 weeks. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate dose for a specific condition.