Elecampane (Inula L.)

The Inula L. genus, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, naturally flourishes worldwide across Europe and Asia. It also grows abundantly in Eastern Anatolia, Northern Anatolia and Northeastern Anatolia, where it is cultivated and found in its natural habitat.

In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used as an expectorant to induce sweating and alleviate phlegm, and to suppress coughs. Additionally, American Indians make root teas from the plant to treat lung ailments.

It has been discovered in Anatolia that the roots of this plant possess bile expectorant and urine enhancing properties.

In vitro studies have illustrated that the plant exerts a diverse range of effects, encompassing antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic effects.

The pharmacological activity of the Inula L. genus has been associated with its sesquiterpene lactone constituents, mainly alantolactone and isoalantolactones. These compounds have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The sedative effect of mucilage and the antispasmodic activity of the essential oil, as reported in vivo, confirm the traditional uses of this drug in treating coughs.

Moreover, alantolactone has been used as an anthelmintic. Studies have shown the effectiveness of these active ingredients on parasite eggs, including Ascaris and Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

Inula species are acknowledged by the Council of Europe as a natural flavouring source for food. This recognition allows for the addition of small amounts of such an extract to food products as a finishing touch. Nonetheless, in the United States, the use of this herb is limited to alcoholic beverages exclusively.